Domestic
PAYMENTS SIGNAL · REFERENCE CARDUS ACH Network — direct deposit
A US dollar ACH credit for payroll: a batch instruction that clears through an ACH operator and settles on a deferred, netted basis before the wage lands in the employee's account.
Actors
- Asha Traders (Originator)customer
- Bank Alfa (ODFI)bank
- ACH Operator (Fed / TCH)infrastructure
- Nordbank (RDFI)bank
- Riya (Receiver)customer
Messages
- ACH payroll file (PPD credit entries)
- ACH batch transmission
The sequence
| # | Step | Route | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ACH file — Asha Traders submits the payroll file | Asha Traders → Bank Alfa | message |
| 2 | Validate & batch — Bank Alfa validates and batches the entries | Bank Alfa | internal |
| 3 | Batch file — Bank Alfa transmits the batch to an ACH Operator | Bank Alfa → ACH Operator | message |
| 4 | Sort & deliver — The ACH Operator sorts and delivers entries to Nordbank | ACH Operator → Nordbank | clearing |
| 5 | Deferred net settlement — Interbank positions settle, netted, in central bank money | Bank Alfa → Nordbank | settlement |
| 6 | DR Asha Traders — Bank Alfa debits Asha Traders | Bank Alfa | posting |
| 7 | CR Riya — Nordbank credits Riya | Nordbank | posting |
Exception rails
| Rail | Trigger | Where the money ends up | Next action |
|---|---|---|---|
| Return: entry cannot be applied | Nordbank cannot apply the entry to the receiver's account — for a debit the funds are insufficient (R01), or the account is closed (R02) — after the settlement window already completed. | Returned to Asha Traders after the return settled — Riya was never paid. · Original window settled, then reversed by a separately batched and netted return in a later window. | Nordbank — Asha Traders confirms Riya's current account details and re-originates the payroll entry. |