Domestic
PAYMENTS SIGNAL · REFERENCE CARDIndia NACH Debit
A recurring loan EMI is pulled from a borrower's account by NACH Debit under a registered mandate, cleared in a batch at NPCI and settled net in central bank money.
Actors
- Riya (payer / borrower)customer
- Bank Alfa (Riya's / destination bank)bank
- NACH / NPCI (clearing house)infrastructure
- Nordbank (sponsor / creditor bank)bank
- Asha Traders (collector / lender)customer
Messages
No standard message — a book / internal transfer.
The sequence
| # | Step | Route | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | NACH mandate — A registered NACH mandate authorises the recurring pull | Riya → Bank Alfa | internal |
| 2 | NACH Debit — Asha Traders submits the collection to its sponsor bank | Asha Traders → Nordbank | message |
| 3 | Batch presentment — Nordbank presents the collection into a NACH batch cycle | Nordbank → NACH / NPCI | message |
| 4 | Batch clearing — NPCI clears the batch and calculates net positions | NACH / NPCI | clearing |
| 5 | Net settlement — Net positions settle in central bank money at the RBI | Bank Alfa → Nordbank | settlement |
| 6 | DR Riya — Bank Alfa debits Riya under the mandate | Bank Alfa | posting |
| 7 | CR Asha Traders — Nordbank credits Asha Traders | Nordbank | posting |
Exception rails
| Rail | Trigger | Where the money ends up | Next action |
|---|---|---|---|
| Return: insufficient funds | When Bank Alfa tries to apply the debit, Riya's account has insufficient funds (or the mandate was cancelled), so the item cannot be paid. | Never left Riya's account for this cycle — the debit could not be applied. · Any provisional net movement is reversed through the batch return cycle. | Bank Alfa — Riya funds the account (or re-registers the mandate) before the next cycle; Asha Traders re-presents the EMI. |