Cards & merchant payments
The four-party card model: how an authorization travels from terminal to issuer, how clearing applies interchange and settlement nets the money, and how disputes, 3-D Secure, and tokenization work.
- 0110 MINThe four-party modelWho does what when a card is used to pay: cardholder, merchant, acquirer, issuer — and the network that sits between them and writes the rules.AFTER: The parties in a payment
- 0215 MINAuthorization: the first journeyHow a tap becomes an approval in seconds: the ISO 8583 request and response, the authorisation hold, and what happens when the issuer cannot answer.AFTER: The four-party model
- 0315 MINClearing and settlement for cardsAuthorisation moves no money. Clearing files and net settlement do — with interchange applied on the way. The second journey of a card payment.AFTER: Authorization: the first journey
- 0415 MINDisputes and chargebacksWhat happens when a cardholder disputes a charge: reason codes, the chargeback, the merchant's representment, and where liability finally lands.AFTER: Clearing and settlement for cards
- 0512 MIN3-D Secure and strong customer authentication3-D Secure adds an identity check to online card payments. How frictionless and challenge flows work, and what strong customer authentication requires.AFTER: Authorization: the first journey
- 0612 MINTokenization and PCI DSSHow card numbers are kept out of harm's way: network tokens that replace the PAN, and PCI DSS — the security rulebook for anyone who touches card data.AFTER: Authorization: the first journey
- 0713 MINDigital wallets and network tokenizationHow a card becomes a stand-in number on your phone: pass-through versus staged wallets, device tokenisation, and the DPAN journey behind a tap.AFTER: Tokenization and PCI DSS
- 0812 MINPSPs, gateways, and orchestrationUntangling who does what to take a card: the gateway, the PSP, the acquirer, payment facilitators, and the orchestration layer that routes it all.AFTER: The four-party model
- 0913 MINAlternative payment methods and BNPLBeyond the card: bank-transfer methods, wallets and local schemes — and buy-now-pay-later as a credit product wrapped around a payment.AFTER: The four-party model